Oral Cancer: Signs & Symptoms

Oral cancer can manifest in various ways, and early detection is crucial for successful treatment. Here are some key signs and symptoms to be aware of: 

Persistent Sores or Ulcers: A sore, ulcer, or area of irritation in the mouth or on the lip that doesn't heal within two to three weeks is a common sign and should be checked by a dental professional. 

Unusual Patches: Look out for white (leukoplakia), red (erythroplakia), or mixed red and white patches in the mouth. These can be precancerous or cancerous. White patches that don't rub off, in particular, warrant attention. 

Lumps or Thickening: Any lump, bump, rough spot, or thickening in the mouth, on the lips, or in the neck should be investigated. 

Pain or Numbness: Persistent pain in the mouth, ear pain (without an obvious cause), or new numbness in the mouth or tongue can be a symptom. 

Changes in Speech or Swallowing: Difficulty or pain when chewing, swallowing, or speaking, as well as changes in your voice (hoarseness), could indicate a problem. A feeling that something is caught in your throat is another possible sign. 

Loose Teeth or Ill-fitting Dentures: Unexplained loosening of teeth or dentures that no longer fit properly can be a sign of oral cancer affecting the gums or jawbone. 

Bleeding: Unexplained bleeding in the mouth. 

Other Symptoms: These can include:

●      Swelling of the jaw that makes dentures uncomfortable. 

●      Weight loss without trying. 

●      Chronic bad breath. 

Risk Factors: Certain factors increase the risk of developing oral cancer: 

●      Tobacco Use: Smoking or using smokeless tobacco products significantly elevates the risk. 

●      Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Heavy and frequent drinking increases the risk, especially when combined with tobacco use. 

●      HPV (Human Papillomavirus) Infection: Certain types of HPV are linked to oral cancers, particularly those in the back of the throat. 

●      Age: The risk of oral cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in people over 40. 

●      Sun Exposure: Prolonged sun exposure can increase the risk of lip cancer. 

●      Poor Diet: A diet low in fruits and vegetables may contribute to the risk. 

●      Family History: A family history of oral cancer may increase your risk. 

The Dental Professional's Role: Regular dental check-ups are vital for early detection. Dentists are trained to examine the entire oral cavity for any abnormalities. They will visually and manually check your lips, cheeks, tongue, gums, the floor and roof of your mouth, and the back of your throat. If anything suspicious is found, they may recommend further tests, such as a biopsy. 

Self-Examination: It's also a good idea to perform a monthly self-examination of your mouth. Look and feel for any of the signs and symptoms mentioned above. If you notice any changes that don't go away after two weeks, it's important to contact your dentist.

Early detection significantly improves the chances of successful treatment and better outcomes for oral cancer. Don't hesitate to discuss any concerns you have with your dentist or doctor.